Physicians counsel caution and innovative ways to educate the public and collect epidemiological data but do not expect a serious pandemic.

By Abigail Klein Leichman, ISRAEL21c

Here’s some hopeful news for everyone dreading another pandemic before we’ve gotten over the first one: Monkeypox won’t cause a pandemic of Covid-19 proportions.

“At present, we don’t see evidence showing monkeypox will affect as many people as Covid affected, primarily because it’s simply less transmissible,” says Dr. Eyal Leshem, director of the Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases at Sheba Medical Center and clinical associate professor of internal medicine and infectious diseases at Tel Aviv University’s medical school.

“To get infected with monkeypox, close contact is necessary — contrary to Covid, where airborne infection is not uncommon,” Leshem tells ISRAEL21c.

Still, monkeypox infections are spreading widely, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a global emergency on July 23.

As of August 3, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control mapped more than 26,000 reported monkeypox cases in 87 countries. In the United States, the number is climbing close to 7,000 confirmed cases.

While the majority of monkeypox infections have struck men with male sexual partners, “Most professionals think there is high likelihood monkeypox will spread to other populations and will become a bigger public health problem,” says Dr. Hagai Levine, chairman of the Israeli Association of Public Health Physicians and a professor of epidemiology at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health.

“But it’s very hard to imagine it will reach the magnitude of Covid,” he adds.

Although Israel reported just 160 confirmed cases as of August 4, the response has been fast, as it was when Israel led the world in the rollout of Covid vaccines in December 2020.

On July 27, Israel received its first shipment of 5,600 monkeypox vaccines, FDA-approved preventatively for ages 18 and up and in some cases for adults already exposed to the virus.

Priority is being given to HIV-positive men born after 1980 (the year Israel stopped vaccinating kids against the related, virtually extinct smallpox) and to anyone who tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 2022.

“Israel is very good in responding quickly to emergencies,” says Levine. “Our advantage is that we are small, so we have good collaboration between the medical community and different community organizations.”

Levine wrote about Israel’s pioneering use of the “ring” vaccination approach (vaccinating primary and secondary contacts of an infected individual) to stop mumps outbreaks in the early 2000s.

“Because Israel is open to try new things quickly and we have very good data systems and good connections, we could do a very good job now of identifying the sources of monkeypox and perhaps identifying new risk factors or new sources of infections,” he tells ISRAEL21c.

How it spreads

The monkeypox virus – so named because it was first identified in 1958 in research monkeys — has until now mostly been confined to Central and Western Africa. Primarily, it affects rodents and other small mammals.

The virus first was seen in humans in 1970 in the Congo. There have been small occasional outbreaks ever since.

Leshem explains that monkeypox and other zoonotic viruses – those that jump from animals to people, such as rabies and Ebola — always pose a threat to humans because “people have close contact with animals.”

The two main reasons for the current monkeypox outbreak, he says, are that people born since 1980 are not vaccinated for smallpox and world travel is more common.

“When a disease is endemic in one part of the world and people travel there, the disease will inevitably travel,” he says.

Monkeypox symptoms (fever, rash with blisters, swollen lymph nodes) usually disappear within a few weeks without treatment.

Some populations, such as people with a weakened immune system and pregnant women, are prone to more severe cases, but monkeypox rarely leads to hospitalization or death.

“The disease is relatively mild — although we shouldn’t ignore the pox, which can leave scars and cause complications such as secondary infection, pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis. And we’ve just heard of the first fatality outside of Africa,” says Levine.

“But we don’t have the mortality rates we had for Covid, and we don’t have the quick spread.”

Despite the disproportionate incidence of monkeypox in homosexual men, Israel’s Health Ministry stresses that “transmission involves any kind of direct or intimate contact and is not limited to people with a certain sexual orientation.”

It is believed the virus can even spread through infected particles on items such as bedding or towels.

Leshem says that labeling monkeypox as an STI would be a mistake.

“I think if we define it that way, we may miss opportunities to prevent transmission that is not through sexual contact,” he tells ISRAEL21c.

Categorizing monkeypox as an STI “also could result in stigmatizing patients and making people reluctant to get tested,” he adds. “Therefore, we should be careful and accurate in our definitions.”

Levine suggests that changing the name of the virus to something neutral like “newpox” or “Pox 2022” could reduce any stigma, shaming or discrimination around the disease it causes.

Bring it to the communities

As a public health physician, Levine thinks the name “monkeypox” is just one reason so many people around the world aren’t paying much attention to this pandemic.

“We have a huge issue of public trust in the health system, we have groups spreading misinformation, we have politicization of health issues. With vaccinations in general there are great communication challenges,” he says.

“We also see pandemic fatigue. Because the risk of monkeypox is lower than Covid people tend to underestimate it.”

Levine says the key to public health policy is working together with communities on health promotion and epidemiological data collection.

“You cannot solve Covid or monkeypox only at the federal level; you have to get municipalities involved. We need to make it convenient for people to come for diagnosis – even in places where they hang out for leisure — and to share their information in order to identify further cases. We need to be where the public is present.”

Israel could be a model for other countries in the use of innovative tools such as social networks and apps for both health promotion and data collection regarding monkeypox, Levine says.

“We should work with health promotion professionals to get the right messages out in the right way,” he says.

Levine was disappointed that Israel and most other countries did not use Covid to change the paradigm of public health and invest much more money in personnel and epidemiological investigation.

“We need to do better for monkeypox and for the next pandemic,” he tells ISRAEL21c.

To avoid monkeypox infection, Leshem cautions against unprotected intimate encounters (heterosexual or homosexual) and calls for extra vigilance among healthcare workers and people with medical conditions that make them more vulnerable.

“If a person develops any symptoms, such as a rash or sore throat and fever, and belongs to a community at risk, that person should get tested as soon as possible to prevent infecting others,” he urges.

The post Israeli experts: Monkeypox won’t be another Covid appeared first on World Israel News.

Israeli Health Ministry planning vaccination campaign for at-risk population.

The post WATCH: Israel secures 10,000 monkeypox vaccines as WHO declares emergency appeared first on World Israel News.

“Not overly concerned”: Prof. Cyrille Cohen, immunotherapy expert at Bar-Ilan University, explains what is known so far about the disease that has begun to spread across the globe.

The post WATCH: More than 80 cases of Monkeypox in 14 countries appeared first on World Israel News.

Surprising outbreak of a disease rarely seen outside of Africa.

By David Hellerman, World Israel News

Health Ministry officials confirmed Israel’s first case of monkeypox on Saturday.

The patient, whose name has not been released, is a man in his 30s who recently returned to Israel from a trip to western Europe. He is currently quarantined at the Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv.

Israeli Health Ministry’s Team of Epidemics Management is due to meet Saturday evening.

In the meantime, individuals who have recently entered the country and are experiencing fever and a blistering rash are urged to see a doctor.

European and American health authorities have identified a number of monkeypox cases in recent days, mostly in young men. It’s a surprising outbreak of a disease that rarely appears outside Africa.

Health officials around the world are keeping watch for more cases because, for the first time, the disease appears to be spreading among people who didn’t travel to Africa. They stress, however, that the risk to the general population is low.

Most patients only experience fever, body aches, chills and fatigue. People with more serious illness may develop a rash and lesions on the face and hands that can spread to other parts of the body.

The incubation period is from about five days to three weeks. Most people recover within about two to four weeks without needing to be hospitalized.

People exposed to the virus are often given one of several smallpox vaccines, which have been shown to be effective against monkeypox. Anti-viral drugs are also being developed.

Monkeypox can be fatal for up to one in 10 people and is thought to be more severe in children.

In Europe, infections have been reported in Britain, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.

Associated Press contributed to this report.

The post Israel confirms first case of monkeypox appeared first on World Israel News.

Although no cases have been found yet in Israel, the Health Ministry is on alert.

By Associated Press

European and American health authorities have identified a number of cases of monkeypox in recent days, mostly in young men. It’s a surprising outbreak of disease that rarely appears outside Africa.

Health officials around the world are keeping watch for more cases because, for the first time, the disease appears to be spreading among people who didn’t travel to Africa. They stress, however, that the risk to the general population is low.

Monkeypox is a virus that originates in wild animals like rodents and primates and occasionally jumps to people.

Most human cases have been in central and west Africa, where the disease is endemic.

The illness was first identified by scientists in 1958 when there were two outbreaks of a “pox-like” disease in research monkeys — thus the name monkeypox. The first known human infection was in 1970, in a 9-year-old boy in a remote part of Congo.

Monkeypox belongs to the same virus family as smallpox but causes milder symptoms.

Most patients only experience fever, body aches, chills and fatigue. People with more serious illness may develop a rash and lesions on the face and hands that can spread to other parts of the body.

The incubation period is from about five days to three weeks. Most people recover within about two to four weeks without needing to be hospitalized.

Monkeypox can be fatal for up to one in 10 people and is thought to be more severe in children.

People exposed to the virus are often given one of several smallpox vaccines, which have been shown to be effective against monkeypox. Anti-viral drugs are also being developed.

On Thursday, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control recommended all suspected cases be isolated and that high-risk contacts be offered the smallpox vaccine.

The World Health Organization estimates there are thousands of monkeypox infections in about a dozen African countries every year. Most are in Congo, which reports about 6,000 cases annually, and Nigeria, with about 3,000 cases a year.

Patchy health monitoring systems mean many infected people are likely missed, experts say.

Isolated cases of monkeypox are occasionally spotted outside Africa, including in the U.S. and Britain. The cases are typically associated with travel to Africa or contact with animals from areas where the disease is more common.

In 2003, 47 people in six U.S. states had confirmed or probable cases. They caught the virus from pet prairie dogs that been housed near imported small mammals from Ghana.

It’s the first time monkeypox appears to be spreading among people who didn’t travel to Africa. Most of the cases involve men who have had sex with men.

In Europe, infections have been reported in Britain, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.

Britain’s Health Security Agency said its cases are not all connected, suggesting that there are multiple chains of transmission happening. The infections in Portugal were picked up at a sexual health clinic, where the men sought help for lesions on their genitals.

On Wednesday, U.S. officials reported a case of monkeypox in a man who had recently traveled to Canada, where authorities are investigating suspected infections in the Montreal area.

The post Rare virus detected in Europe and America, could spread across world appeared first on World Israel News.