The Muslim terrorist attacks on Brussels airport highlighted deep security flaws there and which Israel has the solutions for after years of experience fighting Palestinian terrorism.
By: AP
Authorities in Europe and across the world tightened security at airports, railway stations, government buildings and other key sites after deadly attacks Tuesday on the Brussels airport and its subway system.
With Brussels on lockdown and the French prime minister saying that Europe is “at war,” European leaders held emergency security meetings and deployed more police, explosives experts, sniffer dogs and plainclothes officers, with some warning against travel to Belgium.
The nervousness was felt far and wide. In New York City, authorities deployed additional counterterrorism units to crowded areas and transit locations.
After a string of Muslim terrorist attacks targeting the heart of Europe over the past year, some analysts say Europe will finally have to implement a much tougher level of security not only at airports, but also at “soft targets” like shopping malls — the kind that Israelis have been living with for years.
“The threat we are facing in Europe is about the same as what Israel faces,” said Olivier Guitta, the managing director of GlobalStrat, an international security consultancy. “We have entered an era in which we are going to have to change our way of life and take security very seriously.”
Strong criticism of Belgian security came on Tuesday from Pini Schiff, a former security director at Israel’s Ben-Gurion Airport, which is considered among the most secure in the world. After Palestinian attacks on Israeli planes and travelers in the 1970s, Israeli officials put in place several layers of security at that airport in Tel Aviv, meaning an terrorist who escapes notice at one level of security would likely be captured by another.
Schiff said the attacks at the Brussels airport mark “a colossal failure” of Belgian security and that “the chances are very low” such a bombing could have happened in Israel.
The airport attack in Brussels highlights one of the most vulnerable stages of aviation security: the time travelers spend between the curb and the checkpoint.
As travelers wait first to check luggage and then go through metal detectors, they crowd together in areas that are usually lightly patrolled and accessible to nearly anyone.
“We ignore it,” says Isaac Yeffet, a former head of security for the Israeli airline El Al who now runs his own firm, Yeffet Security Consultants, based in the New York area. “We are careless.”
For more than 40 years, security officials and terrorists have been fighting to stay ahead of each other. When airlines and governments made it harder to hijack planes, terrorists found new ways to destroy aircraft. They put bombs in checked luggage until bag screening became standard. The 9/11 hijackers defeated 2001 passenger-screening measures and used knives to turn jets into weapons.
Security checkpoints are designed to keep terrorists and weapons off planes, and for the most part they have worked since the September 2001 attacks. But along the way, the airport itself became a target.
In 1983, Armenian terrorists set off a bomb at the Turkish Airlines check-in counter at Paris’ Orly Airport, killing seven people and wounding 55. Just two years later, near simultaneous attacks hit the ticket counters of Israeli airline El Al in both Rome and Vienna, killing 18 people and wounding 120 others. El Al’s ticket counter in Los Angeles was targeted in 2002, an attack that killed two people and wounded four others. And in Moscow, it was arriving passengers who were the target in a 2011 bombing near the baggage claim area; 36 people were killed and more than 180 injured.
On Tuesday, terrorists set off two bombs in the departure area of the Brussels airport and another in the subway, killing at least 35 people and wounding dozens. The Islamic State (ISIS) group claimed responsibility.
“Those areas really can’t be protected,” says Douglas R. Laird, former director of security at Northwest Airlines and now head of Laird & Associates, Inc. They are similar to subway stations, shopping malls or any other large public space. And if the airport is secured, “all that is going to happen is that they will go after the train, the bus or whatever.”
Laird says the focus needs to be more on counter-terrorism intelligence.
“By the time they get to the airport, the game is over,” he says. “You can’t have police everyplace.”
Security experts say the keys to effective screening are intelligence and constant change in procedures to keep terrorists guessing.
“Random is always good,” said Brian Jenkins, a senior security analyst at the RAND Corp. Terrorists “don’t like things that they can’t predict. They want to know that a target is unprotected.”
Jenkins added that visible presence of more police would be a deterrent and allow for quicker response to an attack.
At Israel’s Ben-Gurion airport in Tel Aviv, all cars are stopped on the way in. Some are searched by armed guards and license plates are scanned by a computer.
Uniformed and undercover armed security personnel are stationed inside and outside the terminals. Cameras — some in plain sight, some hidden — provide additional surveillance. Travelers are subject to profiling and questioning about the purpose of their travel, their personal background and their luggage.
But Tel Aviv is a unique airport. It is smaller than each of the 20 largest US airports. Israeli culture is much more focused on security, with most citizens doing mandatory military service.
The airport handles 15 million passengers a year, compared with more than 100 million in Atlanta, the busiest airport in the world.
In the US, the public has shown an unwillingness to subject itself to such an invasive level of screening.
“Political correctness has become a liability for the traveling public,” says Peter W. Harris, president of security consulting firm Yankee Foxtrot.
Harris says security teams really don’t have a good idea about who is entering the airport. He suggests more random screening, chatting with passengers as they enter the terminal and teams of explosive-detecting dogs at the entrances.
“Maybe this is a wakeup call,” Harris says, “but people have very short memories.”